Nubian Agricultural Practices, Crops and Foods: Changes in Living Memory on Ernetta Island, Northern Sudan

Abstract Agricultural practices in northern Sudan have been changing rapidly but remain little documented. In this paper we aim to investigate changes crops grown living memory and their uses through interviews with Nubian farmers on the island of Ernetta. By exploring cultivation crop processing practices, together associated material culture foodstuffs, also seek explore how agricultural food heritage are connected, better understand reasons for changes. Several cereals pulses that were previously important subsistence now as comparatively minor crops. The replacement sagia (waterwheel) by diesel pump irrigation, introduction commercial crops, reduction annual flood led fundamentally new cropping patterns within household farms. At same time, each species has its own narrative timing change. Shifts paralleled transitions foodways, culture, land use. project is timely, much information about past resides memories elderly farmers. findings highlight broader global need document endangered patterns, traditional ecological knowledge, including local terms foods